Hps was first recognized in 1993 in the southwestern united states. In the americas, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. Several types of hantaviruses can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The high rate of mortality could be reduced if effective therapeutics could be discovered for treatment. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is caused by a wide variety of new world hantaviruses. Viruses in the genus hantavirus can cause one of two serious illnesses when transmitted from rodents to humans. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome diagnosis and treatment. Other hantaviruses cause a distinct syndrome called hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome hfrs. Jan 27, 2016 table b1 screening criteria for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in persons with unexplained respiratory illness potential casepatients must have one of the following. Anyone who comes into contact with rodents that carry hantaviruses is at risk of hps. Information and resources for public health and healthcare professionals on hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. The virus is transmitted to humans by inhaling infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva. Updated recommendations for risk reduction pdf morbidity and mortality weekly report, july 26, 2002vol.
Jun 12, 2019 specific treatment options for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are limited. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome was first discovered in the united states in may of 1993, when a number of deaths were attributed to an unknown pulmonary syndrome in the 4corners area of the southwest. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an acute viral disease with a relatively short 35 days prodrome of fever, myalgias muscle aches, headache, and gastrointestinal complaints followed by the abrupt onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome ards and hypotension. Hantavirus infection and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps fact sheet hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a respiratory illness caused by a virus that is carried by rodents mice and rats in the united states, the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus, the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus, the rice rat. Blood pressure drops and organs begin to fail, particularly the heart. Pulmonary pathology in acute respiratory insufficiency. Jun 27, 2011 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe respiratory illness identi. Hps disease is a rare but serious illness of the lungs caused by a family of viruses known as hantaviruses. Transmission occurs when direct or indirect airborne contact is made with the saliva or waste products of rodents that carry the virus, most commonly the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps hantavirus infection, nonhps hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome hfrs hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps clinical description. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a potentially severe disease of the lungs which was first recognized in 1993 in the four corners area where utah, colorado, arizona, and new mexico meet of the southwestern united states u.
Hantavirus is a virus carried by some rodents, including deer mice in washington state. After an incubation period of 1 to 6 weeks, the prodromal illness of hps is 3 to 7 days and is. What is hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps hps is a severe respiratory illness caused by hantaviruses spread by rodents. The disease is caused by a hantavirus that is carried by rodents and passed on to humans through infected rodent urine, saliva, or droppings. All have rodent reservoirs, and pathogenic viruses are known to exist in the united states, canada, panama, and across a large portion of south america. Coming in contact with dust contaminated with the virus. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a respiratory illness caused by a virus that is carried by rodents mice and rats. The clinical syndrome of hps or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome was first recognized in 1993 and has since been identified throughout the united states. Hantavirus disease in the western hemisphere first emerged as a significant public health threat in the southwestern united states in 1993 3, 4. The most common is sin nombre virus, the agent responsible for the 1993 epidemic in the southwestern usa.
Of the two diseases, hps is more severe with an approximate 40% mortality across the americas. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome resources notifiable. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an infectious disease characterized by flulike symptoms that can progress rapidly to potentially lifethreatening breathing problems. Apr 12, 2017 hantavirus infections in humans are associated with several disease syn dromes, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. The presence of infected rodents in and around the home environment is the primary risk factor for infection. A fact sheet on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome including signs, symptoms, and treatment information. At the time, this virus was identified as the sin nombre strain of hantavirus. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome genetic and rare diseases. Hantavirus, pulmonary syndrome hps and hantavirus infection, nonhantavirus pulmonary syndrome fact sheet what is hantavirus. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome nd department of health.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe respiratory illness identi. Dhs webpage with information on how to keep yourself and your pet rats healthy. Pdf in the spring of 1993, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps emerged in the southwestern united states, where a multiagency investigation led to. The disease is caused by a virus called sin nombre that is carried by wild mice and shed in their feces. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with a hantavirus. The best way to prevent mouse infestation and contact with mice is to remove the food. Communicable disease management protocol hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome wisconsin department of. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a rare but severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantavirus. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a rare but often fatal disease.
People can also become infected when they touch mouse or rat urine, droppings, or nesting materials that contain the virus and then touch their eyes, nose, or mouth. Fever headaches muscle aches stomach problems diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an acute febrile illness i. In this table, provisional cases of notifiable diseases are displayed for. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome page 1 of 2 july 2011 kathy harben thank you, dr. Rodents in the us that carry hantavirus deer mouse the deer mouse is a deceptively cute animal, with big eyes and ears. Table b1 screening criteria for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in persons with unexplained respiratory illness potential casepatients must have one of the following.
The symptoms can be like those of the flu, and they can get worse quickly. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome red book 2018 red book. In 1993, the first cases in the united states were diagnosed in the southwestern part of the country. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantaviruses. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rare but serious infection that can become life threatening if it isnt treated. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps fact sheet maryland. Humans can contract the disease if they breathe in the virus, or if they are bitten by an. Hill jd, ratliff jl, parrott jc, lamy m, fallat rj, koeniger e, yaeger em, whitmer g. Learn about hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a rare but potentially lifethreatening viral illness. June 2017 hantavirus infection and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome immediately reportable disease per n. These include black creek canal virus bccv, new york orthohantavirus nyv, monongahela virus mglv, sin nombre orthohantavirus snv, and certain other members of hantavirus genera that are native to the united states and canada.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a rare but severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantavirus. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps 2015 case definition. Rodent infestation in and around the home remains the primary risk for hantavirus exposure. Indiana death registration system idrs indiana immunization registry. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reporting and investigation. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an acute viral disease characterized by a relatively short 35 days prodrome of fever, myalgias muscle aches, headache, and gastrointestinal complaints followed by the abrupt onset of acute. Rr9 7mb tips for preventing hantavirus, indoors and outdoors. Although there are many types of hantaviruses in the united states, sin nombre virus snv is the specific hantavirus that causes hps in the western united states. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, commonly referred to as hantavirus disease, is a febrile illness characterized by bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and respiratory compromise usually requiring supplemental oxygen and clinically resembling acute respiratory disease syndrome ards. The newly recognized disease was named hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps, and the etiologic agent was found to be a previously undescribed hantavirus, sin nombre virus snv. Hantavirus, pulmonary syndrome hps and hantavirus infection.
Breathing in tiny airborne particles that come from rodent urine. Hantaviruses are a group of viruses that are carried by certain rodents. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome an overview sciencedirect. Includes disease information, the purpose of reporting and surveillance, legal reporting requirements, and resources such as case definition, reporting form. Depending on the hantavirus strain, the mortality rate for the north american variety of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be more than. Epidemiological alert hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in pregnancy clinical. Rodents harbor the virus, which is shed in their urine, droppings, or saliva.
Assigned number title version date publication type other location. After an incubation period of 1 to 6 weeks, the prodromal illness of. Pathogenesis of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome request pdf. National center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases division of highconsequence pathogens and pathology. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a serious, often deadly, respiratory disease that has been found mostly in rural areas of the western united states. A fact sheet on hantavirus pulmonary syndrome including signs, symptoms, and treatment information. Request pdf hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe disease characterized by a rapid onset of pulmonary edema followed by respiratory failure and. Hantavirus disease the center for food security and public health. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, united states, 19932009.
Adam macneil about the article, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, united states, 19932009, which appears in the july 2011 issue of cdcs journal, emerging infectious diseases. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, often fatal respiratory disease caused by hantaviruses. Hansens disease to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 2019. But the prognosis improves with early recognition, immediate hospitalization and adequate support for breathing. Protecting and promoting the health and safety of the people of wisconsin. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an infectious disease caused by hantaviruses sin nombre hantavirus in most of the us. Jun 12, 2019 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can quickly become lifethreatening. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a respiratory illness caused. Exposure characteristics of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Although rare, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is frequently fatal, with a case fatality rate of 36%. They are carried by several types of rodents, particularly the deer mouse. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, south dakota mice are carriers of hantavirus. A fact sheet on how to safely clean up after rodents. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a hallmark capillary leak syndrome with a. Hantavirus infection wisconsin department of health services. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome disease reference guide. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome symptoms and causes mayo. People with severe cases need immediate treatment in an intensive care unit. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus. Its head and body measure approximately 23 inches in length, and the tail adds another 2 3 inches. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the united states. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, or hps, is a rare but often severe disease which is associated with rodents. Information from cdc on what you need to know to prevent hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Clinically, the disease has become known as the bantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome red book 2015 red book. People can become infected with a hantavirus through contact with hantavirusinfected rodents or their saliva, urine andor droppings. This can happen when rodent urine and droppings that contain hantavirus are stirred up in the air. Hantavirus infections in humans are associated with several disease syn dromes, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, respiratory disease caused by infection with a hantavirus. Intubation and mechanical ventilation may be needed to support. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe cardiopulmonary illness most often caused by the sin nombre virus, which is transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized particles of rodent. As the lungs fill with fluid, breathing becomes more and more difficult.